Objective: Sperm selection for ICSI only depends on morphology and motility, but these parameters may not the relevant to chromatin integrity. So sperm selection procedure based on sperm functional characterized has been suggested. One of these procedures is ZETA METHOD. In this procedure sperm is selected based on presence of negative charge on sperm membrane. Thus, the aim of this study was the comparison between pure gradient and ZETA METHOD, to select spermatozoa with normal chromatin. In addition, evaluation of fertilization and pregnancy rate between two groups was carried out.Materials and METHODs: Semen samples collected from infertile couples referring to Isfahan Fertility and Infertility center for ICSI treatment. A portion of semen was used for routine semen analysis and the remainder was divided to three groups, control, ZETA METHOD and pure gradient procedure for ICSI. Then, for all groups, we evaluated protamine deficiency using Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) and sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test for DNA fragmentation.Results: The percentage of DNA fragmentation and protamine deficiency has reduced significantly in the ZETA METHOD compared to control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, above parameters were significantly reduced in the pure gradient METHOD compared to control group (p<0.05). In addition, pregnancy rate in patients who were candidate for ICSI based on ZETA selection were significantly higher than patients who only underwent conventional ICSI (pure gradient group).Conclusion: Using the ZETA METHOD for selecting normal spermatozoa with intact DNA and protamine content is an appropriate METHOD for ICSI treatment.

Background: Selection of human spermatozoa prior to assisted reproduction is currently based on motility and morphology. Recently, ZETA METHOD has been introduced for normal sperm selection based on sperm surface charges. In addition, one of the features of apoptosis is the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), which are normally present on the inner leaflet of the sperm plasma membrane. MACS METHOD could separate apoptotic sperm from non-apoptotic. Therefore, we aim to compare chromatin structure and morphology in two sperm selection procedure; MACS-DGC and DGC-ZETA.Materials and METHODs: DNA damage, protamine deficiency and morphology were assessed in 20 infertile individuals by TUNEL, CMA3 and Papanicolaou staining respectively.Results: Both of MACS-DGC and DGC-ZETA procedures can separate normal sperm morphology, and intact chromatin compared to native semen. However, MACS-DGC was significantly better than DGC-ZETA in chromatin integrity Conclusion: Sperm selection based on apoptotic marker could use as a novel sperm selection METHOD for infertile men undergoing ICSI in future.

Objective: At present, sperm selection for ICSI only depends on morphology and motility, but these parameters may not be relevant the chromatin integrity. So sperm selection based on sperm functional characterized has been suggested. Thus, aim of this study was the comparison between two sperm selection METHOD, HA binding and ZETA METHOD, to select spermatozoa with normal morphology and intact chromatin.Materials and METHODs: At present, sperm selection for ICSI only depends on morphology and motility, but these parameters may not be relevant the chromatin integrity. So sperm selection based on sperm functional characterized has been suggested. Thus, aim of this study was the comparison between two sperm selection METHOD, HA binding and ZETA METHOD, to select spermatozoa with normal morphology and intact chromatin.Results: Both HA binding assay and ZETA METHOD are efficient to select sperm with normal morphology and lower protamine deficiency (p<0.05). But in term of DNA fragmentation ZETA METHOD appear to be more efficient to select sperm with low DNA fragmentation (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that these sperm selection METHOD can select spermatozoa with normal morphology and protamine deficiency and can use of selected sperm in ICSI. But ZETA METHOD may be more efficient to select sperm with low DNA fragmentation. In patient with high DNA fragmentation, ZETA METHOD can

The subject of this paper is Aristotle’ s philosophical METHOD in Metaphysics. He did not write any treatise on this subject, nor any chapter of any treatise; but we can find his ideas on this subject from his different writings. His most clear of Aristotle’ s remarks about philosophical METHOD occurred in his discussion of weakness of will(akrasia) in Nichomachean Ethics. It seems that in Aristotle’ s philosophical METHOD(aporetic METHOD) we can distinguish four steps: 1) setting out the aporia/puzzle, 2)saying the existing phenomena/endoxa about that, 3) explaining the phenomena and resolving the puzzle, and 4)discovering the truth. In the first part of the paper by arguing the four steps of Aristotle’ s Philosophical METHOD, we discuss the goal and function of any of these steps. In the second part of this writing, Aristotle’ s METHOD in the book of ZETA as an example of his philosophical METHOD in Metaphysics is discussed, and demonstrated that the order of issues of this book is formed according to the response of puzzles of the book Beta and also those of the first chapter of the book ZETA to which Aristotle seeks the responses through his philosophical METHOD.

Background and aim: Selection of mature sperm with normal morphology and chromatin structure is needed for assisted reproduction technology (ART) procedures. At present, various sperm separation METHODs exist to select mature sperm. The selection of mature sperm based on electrical charge of membrane is one of these METHODs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the ZETA potential for selection of normal sperm in term of morphology and chromatin structure integrity.METHODs: In this descriptive-analytical study, semen samples from 70 infertile couples referring to Isfahan Fertility and Infertility center were evaluated. Semen analysis was carried out according to WHO criteria. The remaining of semen samples were used for ZETA METHOD. Then Sperm morphology, protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation were assessed using papanicolaou staining, chromomycin A3 (CMA3) staining, and sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test, respectively. In addition, we compared the result of ZETA group with control group. Coefficients of correlation and paired-samples t-test were carried out using SPSS 11.5, to compare results among between two groups.Results: The results of this study show that the mean of abnormal morphology, protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation were 88.19±7.37, 67.17±17.34, 32.87±8.65 in control group, and 80.17±10.26, 58.40±18.20, 18.19±8.64, in the ZETA group, respectively. ZETA group can decrease significantly the percentage of abnormal morphology, protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation compared to control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: ZETA METHOD can be used in separation of mature sperm with normal morphology, normal protamine contained and intact DNA.